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All 196 studies in the study browser
Included: human randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on rapamycin (sirolimus) indexed in PubMed. A PubMed search on October 15, 2026 returned 2753 records. 196 remain after excluding protocols, retractions, comments, papers that did not study rapamycin (sirolimus) as the intervention or exposure and trials that measured no effect covered in the article. Below are all 70 reviews and the 25 highest-scored individual studies. The study browser has the rest.
Scores run from 1 to 5 and rate study design only. The rules and reason codes are on Study Scores. Each finding restates the abstract's own conclusion.
Back to Rapamycin (sirolimus)
| Score | Study | Design, n | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 (MA +large) | Phillips, 2023 | Meta-analysis, 1223 studies | Our results show that immunomodulation caused by rapamycin treatment is beneficial to the survival from acute infection. For DR, our results are based on a smaller number of studies, but do warrant caution as they indicate... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Yan, 2022 | Meta-analysis, 17 studies | Current evidence indicates that SRL- or EVL-based immunosuppression improves OS and RFS with a lower risk of renal toxicity compared with mTORi-free immunosuppression. Nevertheless, results must be interpreted with caution. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Hahn, 2019 | Meta-analysis, 8 studies, n=17,462 | Wound complications and the need to change immunosuppressive medications are higher with TOR-I regimens. While further new studies are not required, longer-term follow-up data from participants in existing methodologically robust... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Zhang, 2019 | Meta-analysis, 11 studies, n=7,695 | No significant differences in other adverse effects were found between two groups. Taken together, SRL-based immunosuppression is safe and effective in improving survival, as well as reducing recurrence and mortality for HCC... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Abdel-Rahman, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 18 studies, n=8,143 | This meta-analysis demonstrated that regimens containing everolimus, temsirolimus or ridaforolimus for the treatment of solid tumors are associated with a significantly increased risk of all-grade and high-grade diarrhea and... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Abdel-Rahman, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 18 studies, n=8,143 | Thus, our meta-analysis has demonstrated that regimens containing everolimus, temsirolimus or ridaforolimus for the treatment of solid tumors are associated with an increased risk of all-grade fatigue, whereas the risk of... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Peng, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 56 studies, n=9,760 | Treatment with mTOR inhibitor, everolimus and temsirolimus, is associated with an increased incidence of fatigue in patients with cancer. Early detection and management of fatigue is needed. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Knoll, 2014 | Meta-analysis, 5876 studies | Sirolimus was associated with a reduction in the risk of malignancy and non-melanoma skin cancer in transplant recipients. The benefit was most pronounced in patients who converted from an established immunosuppressive regimen to sirolimus. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Xu, 2014 | Meta-analysis, 26 studies, n=5,436 | The use of mTOR inhibitors is associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing all-grade and high-grade anemia and thrombocytopenia compared with placebo/control arms. |
| 4 (SR +large) | Teng, 2025 | Systematic review, 26 studies, n=98 | A direct, targeted topical treatment could provide clinical benefit for the cutaneous manifestation without the risk of off-target effects as occur with oral sirolimus. Further prospective, controlled studies are warranted to... |
| 4 (MA) | Wang, 2025 | Meta-analysis, 8 studies, n=74 | Sirolimus is effective and safe for treating venous malformations, especially in patients unresponsive to conventional therapies. Future studies should explore long-term effects, optimal dosages, and administration techniques. |
| 4 (MA) | Tang, 2025 | Meta-analysis, 9 studies | Rapamycin significantly increases the risk and duration of DGF after kidney transplantation. However, it does not appear to affect long-term outcomes such as graft survival or rejection rates. |
| 4 (MA) | Park, 2024 | Meta-analysis, 7 studies | Our meta-analysis showed a significant effect for the CYP3A5*3 genotype on weight-adjusted C0 /D ratio and dosage of sirolimus in adult renal transplant recipients. |
| 4 (SR +large) | Afzal, 2024 | Systematic review, 202 studies, n=799 | Most high-quality data pertain to the efficacy of topical sirolimus in treating facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis. Outcomes are generally promising in other indications, with good tolerability, but data quality is mixed. |
| 4 (SR +large) | Lee, 2024 | Systematic review, 18 studies | No serious adverse events attributed to rapamycin and its derivatives were reported in healthy individuals; however, there were increased numbers of infections and increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Cavazos, 2024 | Systematic review, 84 studies, n=172 | Available evidence suggests that sirolimus is effective and well tolerated. The effectiveness of sirolimus should be evaluated in a well-designed randomized controlled or observational studies. |
| 4 (MA) | Moura, 2024 | Meta-analysis, 11 studies, n=860 | Oral lesions induced by SRL and/or EVL, although not very prevalent, have a relevant impact on patient's lives and the continuity of treatment. |
| 4 (MA) | Kamhieh, 2024 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies, n=62 | This review and meta-analysis support the efficacy of sirolimus in pediatric LMs of the head, neck, and airway. A large multi-center trial is needed to further explore its role and limitations. |
| 4 (SR +large) | Saibene, 2023 | Systematic review, 19 studies, n=97 | Despite promising results for sirolimus treatment in lymphatic malformation, the efficacy and safety profile of remains unclear due to the lack of high-quality studies. Systematic reporting of known side effects, especially in... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Kleinman, 2023 | Systematic review, 4933 studies, n=46 | This is the first reported case of successful treatment of IIH with sirolimus. Our case, along with other patients who present with IIH and PHACE features, suggests consideration of IIH as a diagnostic criterion for PHACE syndrome. |
| 4 (SR +large) | Teng, 2023 | Systematic review, 16 studies, n=52 | No unexpected adverse events were seen. Conclusion: Sirolimus appears to be an effective and safe option in the management of cutaneous and complex micro LM. However, prospective, controlled trials are clearly needed to... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Methaneethorn, 2022 | Systematic review, 20 studies | However, the PopPK model selected for such prediction should be based on the resemblance of population characteristics between the target population and those used to conduct the model. Moreover, the predictability of the models... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Wiegand, 2022 | Systematic review, 28 studies, n=105 | Sirolimus could be an effective treatment for children with large complicated lymphatic malformations of the head and neck. As not all patients will benefit from treatment, the decision to treat sirolimus should be made by a... |
| 4 (MA) | Ji, 2020 | Meta-analysis, 9 studies, n=145 | Summary of the available datasets indicated sirolimus was promising and well-tolerated in the treatment of SLE. Further randomized controlled trials evaluating the potential benefits and risk of sirolimus in SLE are warranted. |
| 4 (SR +large) | Freixo, 2020 | Systematic review, 73 studies, n=373 | Low-level evidence suggests that sirolimus can improve the prognosis of vascular anomalies, most notably vascular tumors associated with life-threatening coagulopathy and venous and lymphatic malformations. Further research is... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Peng, 2019 | Systematic review, 15 studies, n=75 | This systematic review showed a high efficacy of vincristine and sirolimus in the treatment of KHE. Based on the available data in the literature, it appears that sirolimus is potentially an efficacious and safe treatment option... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Wong, 2019 | Systematic review, 46 studies, n=23 | Sirolimus was well tolerated in all but one patient who required treatment cessation; 17/18 patients noted an improvement in gastrointestinal disease where this was reported; 21/22 patients noted an improvement in cutaneous... |
| 4 (MA) | Gao, 2018 | Meta-analysis, 10 studies, n=2,357 | This meta-analysis suggested that SRL combined with TAC and MMF combined with TAC were equally safe and effective for the kidney transplantation recipients. However, the MMF group exhibited a marginally significant advantage of... |
| 4 (MA) | Garcia, 2016 | Meta-analysis, 12 studies | The risk varied widely with tumor types (p <.001). There was substantial risk of infection attributable to mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus. |
| 4 (MA) | Liu, 2016 | Meta-analysis, 8 studies, n=1,189 | Tacrolimus is an effective and safe immunosuppressive agent, and it may be more cost-effective than cyclosporine for the primary prevention of AR in renal transplant recipients. However, it should be noted that such superiority... |
| 4 (MA) | Wang, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies | This meta-analysis indicated that the SIR-based regimen is an effective and safe alternative prophylaxis strategy for GVHD. |
| 4 (MA) | Yang, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 6 studies, n=885 | Acute rejection by those taking SRL/MMF/CSs is worse than those taking TAC/MMF/CSs. Patient and graft survival in TAC/MMF/CSs is similar to that in SRL/MMF/CSs. |
| 4 (MA) | Qi, 2013 | Meta-analysis, 12 studies, n=3,322 | With the present evidence, the use of mTOR inhibitors seems to increase the risk of FAEs in patients with advanced solid tumors. More high quality trials are still needed to investigate this association. |
| 4 (MA) | Gu, 2012 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies, n=1,499 | High quality evidence suggests that Sirolimus-based immunosuppression decreases risk of non-melanoma skin cancer, and Sirolimus has an antitumoral effect among kidney-transplant recipients. |
| 4 (MA) | Gomez-Fernandez, 2012 | Meta-analysis, 10 studies, n=779 | There is a significant risk of developing skin rash and stomatitis in cancer patients receiving temsirolimus. The risk is independent of underlying tumour. |
| 4 (MA) | Liang, 2012 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies, n=2,950 | No significant differences in the frequencies of episodes of major posttransplant complications were observed between the groups. In conclusion, SRL is generally safe and prolongs patient survival in liver transplant recipients... |
| 4 (MA) | Asrani, 2010 | Meta-analysis, 11 studies | Conversion to sirolimus from CNIs is associated with a nonsignificant improvement in renal function in LT recipients with renal insufficiency, although the results are limited by heterogeneity, a risk of bias, and a lack of... |
| 4 (MA) | Mulay, 2006 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies, n=1,040 | Conversion to sirolimus is associated with an improvement in short-term renal function. However, given the discontinuation rate and potential side effects, adequately powered randomized trials with longer follow-up of hard... |
| 4 (MA) | Schubert, 2004 | Meta-analysis | The short half-life of SRL in children may support twice-daily administration early after liver and small intestinal transplantation. During conversion of subjects from TAC to combined TAC and SRL, aggressive therapeutic drug... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Foerster, 2026 | Meta-analysis, 4 studies, n=393 | Sirolimus reduces secondary cSCC risk but increases AEs; patient selection and monitoring are essential. Trial Registration: PROSPERO number: CRD42024583966. |
| 3 (SR) | Hurtado-Sierra, 2025 | Systematic review, n=48 | MTOR inhibitors appear effective and safe for treating CRs in neonates and infants. The average daily doses were 1.03 mg/m²/day for everolimus and 1.37 mg/m²/day for sirolimus. |
| 3 (SR) | Kalbfell, 2024 | Systematic review, n=1,182 | Most infectious complications reported in patients with VA on mTOR inhibitors were viral respiratory infections and non-severe. Bacteremia, infectious fatalities, and PJP are exceedingly rare. |
| 3 (SR) | Sasongko, 2023 | Systematic review, 7 studies, n=1,008 | Topical rapamycin increases the response to skin lesions and facial angiofibroma, an improvement score, satisfaction and the risk of any AE, but not severe adverse events. With caution regarding the risk of severe AEs, this... |
| 3 (SR) | Badawy, 2022 | Systematic review, 11 studies, n=39 | Dosage and adverse effects seemed to be closely correlated. The result of our study suggests that sirolimus should be considered as an adjuvant or first-line management in isolated limb overgrowth in prospective trials. |
| 3 (SR) | Cortell Fuster, 2022 | Systematic review, 9 studies, n=508 | Topical sirolimus can be considered an effective and safety option for the treatment of facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis. However, further long-term studies need to establish an evidence-based therapeutic protocol.KEY... |
| 3 (SR) | Candela-Boix, 2021 | Systematic review, 7 studies | The two-compartment model was the pharmacokinetic model of choice in most of the selected studies. The interindividual variability of the pharmacokinetic parameters of sirolimus is explained by demographic, clinical, genetic,... |
| 3 (SR) | Swarbrick, 2021 | Systematic review | It provides new therapeutic options to patients where previous therapies have either failed or are limited due to toxicity. However, further studies are warranted. |
| 3 (SR) | Shoji, 2020 | Systematic review, 9 studies, n=10 | Sirolimus may be a safe and effective treatment for orbital lymphatic malformations, especially microcystic malformations. |
| 3 (MA -nonRCT) | Grigg, 2019 | Meta-analysis | MTOR-inhibitor-based immunosuppression may be a preferable option in patients transplanted with HCC. It improves recurrence-free-survival over at least three years and reduces the recurrence rate compared with standard... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Li, 2019 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies | In view of the efficacy and safety associated with tumor and seizure frequency in the TSC patients, mTOR inhibitors is a good therapeutic choice. Unlike the risks of upper respiratory tract infections and nasopharyngitis, mTOR... |
| 3 (SR) | Wiegand, 2018 | Systematic review, n=71 | Available literature indicated that sirolimus therapy might be effective for lymphatic malformations. However, further randomized controlled studies are required to analyze the efficacy and long-term adverse events and to clarify... |
| 3 (SR) | Zhao, 2016 | Systematic review | SRL supports steroids withdrawal after kidney transplantation, and SRL combined with tacrolimus is recommended in this setting. Loading dose is recommended when initiating SRL treatment and its trough blood level should be... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Qiu, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 4 studies | Conversion from CNI to mTORi therapy may improve the renal function in HTRs, but the patients may suffer from a high incidence of mTORi-associated adverse events. Therefore, conversion to mTORi must be carefully assessed for the... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Sasongko, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 4 studies, n=91 | Rapamycin and rapalogs showed efficacy towards reducing the size of SEGA and kidney angiomyolipoma but not liver angiomyolipomas. This finding is strengthening the conclusion of our Cochrane systematic review on the randomized trials. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Yanik, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies | Among kidney recipients, sirolimus users have lower NMSC risk, which may be partly due to removal of cyclosporine. Sirolimus may also reduce kidney cancer risk but did not appear protective for other cancers, and it may actually... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Iacovelli, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 4 studies, n=937 | In this analysis, we compared EVE with TEM as second-line therapy in mRCC, and report a significant difference between mTOR inhibitors, even if these results need to be confirmed in a prospective trial. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Liu, 2014 | Meta-analysis, 4 studies | In ADPKD patients, treatment with sirolimus is safe and can effectively slow kidney growth, but it seems not to slow down the decrease of GFR. |
| 3 (MA -nonRCT) | Menon, 2013 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies | The review showed lower recurrence rate, longer recurrence-free survival and overall survival and lower recurrence-related mortality in sirolimus-treated patients in comparison with the calcineurin inhibitor-treated patients... |
| 3 (SR) | Thompson Coon, 2010 | Systematic review, 8 studies | Treatment with bevacizumab plus IFN and sunitinib has clinically relevant and statistically significant advantages over treatment with IFN alone in patients with metastatic RCC. In people with three of six risk factors for poor... |
| 3 (SR) | Bhojani, 2008 | Systematic review | Prevention, recognition, and prompt management of side effects are of key importance and avoid unnecessary dose reductions, which may undermine treatment efficacy. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Webster, 2006 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies, n=750 | TOR-I have been evaluated in four different primary immunosuppressive algorithms: as replacement for CNI and antimetabolites, in combination with CNI at low and high doses, and with a variable dose of CNI. Generally, surrogate... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Webster, 2006 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies | TOR-I have been evaluated in four different primary immunosuppressive algorithms; as replacement for CNI and for antimetabolites, in combination with CNI at low and high dose and with variable dose of CNI. Generally, surrogate... |
| 3 (MA -nonRCT) | Kauffman, 2005 | Meta-analysis | Maintenance immunosuppression with the TOR inhibitor drugs, sirolimus and everolimus, is associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing any posttransplant de novo malignancy and non-skin solid malignancy. |
| 3 (SR) | Mulay, 2005 | Systematic review, 6 studies, n=1,047 | CNI withdrawal from sirolimus-based therapy is associated with an increased risk of acute rejection in the short term with a significant improvement in renal function and a reduction in hypertension. Longer follow-up is needed to... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Oberbauer, 2005 | Meta-analysis, 4 studies | Whether this success in renal function and graft survival will project to prolonged patient survival remains to be determined. In summary, with the introduction of sirolimus as a potent immunosuppressive but nonnephrotoxic drug,... |
| 2 (SR -nonRCT) | Wm Te Loo, 2023 | Systematic review | We analyzed two common variants of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 (CYP3A422 and CYP3A53, respectively) in patients (n = 59) with congenital low-flow vascular malformations treated with sirolimus. No association with treatment outcome was... |
| 2 (SR -nonRCT) | Lin, 2022 | Systematic review | Although there are studies that have evaluated the effect of rapamycin and rapalogues on MSKD in humans, the evidence supporting its use is still incipient, and the clinical implication of these results on the development of... |
| 2 (MA -few -industry) | Sasongko, 2016 | Meta-analysis, 3 studies, n=263 | Efficacy on skin lesions should be further established in future research. The beneficial effects of rapamycin or rapalogs on tuberous sclerosis complex should be further studied on other manifestations of the condition. |
| 2 (SR -nonRCT) | Shan, 2014 | Systematic review | However, its effect on Treg cells remains controversial both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we systematically analyzed data on the effects of RAPA from both clinical and basic studies: (1) To compare its clinical effect with... |
| 2 (SR -few) | Peng, 2014 | Systematic review, 4 studies, n=94 | This study shows that renal angiomyolipoma shrank during sirolimus therapy but tended to regrow after the therapy was stopped. In general, sirolimus is an effective and safe therapy for renal angiomyolipoma in patients with... |
| Score | Study | Design, n | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Palma, 2022 | RCT, n=2,020 | Sirolimus for 48 weeks was futile to slow the progression of MSA and had no effect on biomarkers compared to placebo. One-year change in blood NfL and whole brain atrophy are promising biomarkers of disease progression for future... |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Mannick, 2021 | RCT, n=652 | The combined results indicate that low doses of the mTOR inhibitor RTB101 are well tolerated and upregulate IFN-induced antiviral responses in older adults. Further refinement of clinical trial endpoints and patient populations... |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Wataya-Kaneda, 2018 | RCT, n=2,016 | Sirolimus gel, 0.2%, demonstrated a significant clinical benefit for patients with TSC involving angiofibromas, thus providing a promising therapeutic modality. |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Pritchard, 2013 | RCT, n=275 | Adding EVE to EXE offers substantially improved PFS over EXE and was generally well tolerated in elderly patients with HR(+) advanced breast cancer. Careful monitoring and appropriate dose reductions or interruptions for AE... |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Porta, 2012 | RCT, n=416 | Everolimus is effective and tolerable in elderly patients with mRCC. When selecting targeted therapies in these patients, the specific toxicity profile of each agent and any patient comorbidities should be considered. |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Blum, 2002 | RCT, n=1,295 | Lipid elevations observed in the sirolimus-treated patients were manageable, improved over time, and responded to lipid-lowering therapy. Based on the Framingham risk model, the CHD risks associated with these cholesterol... |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | MacDonald, 2001 | RCT, n=576 | The addition of either 2 mg/day sirolimus or 5 mg/day sirolimus to CsA/corticosteroid therapy significantly reduces the incidence of acute rejection episodes in primary mismatched renal allograft recipients, without an increase... |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Kahan, 2000 | RCT, n=284 | Use of sirolimus reduced occurrence and severity of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection episodes with no increase in complications. Further studies are needed to establish the optimum doses for the combined regimen. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Stanfield, 2026 | RCT, n=40 | In this exploratory trial, once-weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) 6 mg did not enhance, and in sensitivity analyses, it may have modestly attenuated short-term functional improvements from a home exercise programme in older adults.... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Reyngoudt, 2024 | RCT, n=44 | This study has demonstrated that quantitative MRI/31P MRS can discern measurable differences between placebo and sirolimus-treated IBM patients, offering promise for future therapeutic trials in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies... |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Baraf, 2024 | RCT, n=212 | SEL-212 efficacy and tolerability were comparable to pegloticase in refractory gout. This was associated with a substantial reduction in treatment burden with SEL-212 due to decreased infusion frequency vs pegloticase. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Aitken, 2023 | RCT, n=107 | Both rapamycin cream formulations (0.5% and 1%) were well tolerated, and either strength could lead to clinical benefit in the treatment of FA. |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Mody, 2017 | RCT, n=2,015 | Irinotecan-temozolomide-dinutuximab met protocol-defined criteria for selection as the combination meriting further study whereas irinotecan-temozolomide-temsirolimus did not. Irinotecan-temozolomide-dinutuximab shows notable... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Argula, 2016 | RCT, n=31 | Collectively, these data suggest that sirolimus attenuates progressive gas trapping in lymphangioleiomyomatosis, consistent with a beneficial effect of the drug on airflow obstruction. We speculate that a reduction in... |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Rini, 2014 | RCT, n=400 | Temsirolimus/bevacizumab combination therapy was not superior to IFN/bevacizumab for first-line treatment in clear-cell mRCC. |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Alberú, 2011 | RCT, n=555 | In renal allograft recipients, SRL-based immunosuppression was associated with a lower rate of malignancy at 2 years postconversion compared with continuation of CNI-based immunosuppression. This reduction was driven by a... |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Kwitkowski, 2010 | RCT, n=626 | Serious but rare cases of interstitial lung disease, bowel perforation, and acute renal failure were observed. Temsirolimus has demonstrated superiority in terms of OS and PFS over IFN-alpha and provides an additional treatment... |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Ekberg, 2010 | RCT, n=1,645 | Despite the low doses, CsA, Tac and SRL retained distinct and different toxicity profiles. These findings may be of relevance for tailoring specific immunosuppressive regimens to patients with particular needs. |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Bellmunt, 2008 | RCT, n=208 | Temsirolimus-related grades 3-4 AEs were primarily metabolic in nature and easily controlled medically. In general, these did not negatively impact patient quality of life. |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Hudes, 2007 | RCT, n=626 | As compared with interferon alfa, temsirolimus improved overall survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma and a poor prognosis. The addition of temsirolimus to interferon did not improve survival.... |
| 4 (RCT open +n200) | Campistol, 2006 | RCT, n=430 | Nonskin cancers included those of the lung, larynx, oropharynx, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, breast, thyroid, and cervix as well as glioma, liposarcoma, astrocytoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Patients... |
| 3 (RCT +blind -n?) | Moel, 2025 | RCT | Low-dose, intermittent rapamycin administration over 48 weeks is relatively safe in healthy, normative-aging adults, and was associated with significant improvements in lean tissue mass and pain in women. Future work will... |
| 3 (RCT open) | Holtzman, 2024 | RCT, n=83 | However, increased infections and relapse resulted in a lack of survival benefit after long-term follow-up. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT00520130. |
| 3 (RCT +blind -n<30) | Singla, 2024 | RCT, n=18 | Larger studies are warranted to evaluate the role sirolimus in COVID-19 infection. |
| 3 (RCT open) | Toniato de Rezende Freschi, 2024 | RCT, n=86 | De novo use of SRL or EVR, targeting similar therapeutic blood concentrations, shows comparable efficacy and safety. The reduced incidence of CMV infection/disease and distinct safety profile of mTORi versus mycophenolate were... |