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All 479 studies in the study browser
Included: human randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on creatine indexed in PubMed. A PubMed search on October 15, 2026 returned 969 records. 479 remain after excluding protocols, retractions, comments, papers that did not study creatine as the intervention or exposure and trials that measured no effect covered in the article. Below are all 76 reviews and the 25 highest-scored individual studies. The study browser has the rest.
Scores run from 1 to 5 and rate study design only. The rules and reason codes are on Study Scores. Each finding restates the abstract's own conclusion.
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| Score | Study | Design, n | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 (MA +large) | Wang, 2026 | Meta-analysis, 35 studies, n=1,211 | Network consistency assessment revealed no significant disagreement between direct and indirect evidence across all outcomes. These findings reveal an outcome-specific efficacy pattern supporting targeted supplementation... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Ashtary-Larky, 2025 | Meta-analysis, 61 studies | Both novice and experienced lifters gained FFM with Cr supplementation compared to placebo. The increase in FFM was approximately 0.6 kg (≈50%) greater in experienced participants; however, this between-group difference was not... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Eckert, 2025 | Meta-analysis, 2025 studies, n=1,093 | The evidence on which these results are based is very uncertain. Larger, more rigorous randomised trials are required to draw definitive conclusions. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Kazeminasab, 2025 | Meta-analysis, 2024 studies, n=1,937 | The sensitivity of strength tests to detect changes appears to vary, with smaller or more isolated measures showing less responsiveness. More well-powered trials in underrepresented groups, particularly women and older adults,... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Wang, 2025 | Meta-analysis, 104 studies, n=1,116 | Creatine phosphate sodium treatment can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of patients with viral myocarditis, and can reduce the levels of cTnI and CK-MB. Compared with conventional treatment, it has good safety. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Desai, 2024 | Meta-analysis, 67 studies | Training volume was not associated with effect size in all outcomes; 7 g or 0.3 g/kg of body mass of creatine per day is likely to increase LBM by 1 kg and reduce fat mass by 0.7 kg more than RT alone. Concurrent carbohydrate... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Pashayee-Khamene, 2024 | Meta-analysis, 143 studies | Creatine supplementation has a small effect on body mass and estimates of fat-free mass and body fat percentage. These findings were more robust when combined with resistance training. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Davies, 2024 | Meta-analysis, 33 studies, n=1,076 | Creatine supplementation improves sit-to-stand performance, muscle function, and lean tissue mass. It is crucial to conduct high-quality prospective RCTs to confirm these hypotheses (PROSPERO number, CRD42023354929). |
| 5 (MA +large) | Gras, 2023 | Meta-analysis, 19 studies, n=424 | Meta-regressions on characteristics of supplementation, physical training, or sociodemographic were not statistically significant. Creatine supplementation has a negative effect on VO2max, regardless of the characteristics of... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Doma, 2022 | Meta-analysis, 23 studies, n=240 | Our meta-analysis demonstrated a paradoxical effect of CrM supplementation post-exercise, where CrM appears to minimise exercise-induced muscle damage as an acute training response, although this trend is reversed as a chronic... |
| 5 (MA +large) | de Souza E Silva, 2019 | Meta-analysis, 290 studies | The results of the meta-analysis suggest that creatine supplementation did not significantly alter serum creatinine levels (standardized mean difference = 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.73, P = .001, I2 = 22%), and did not... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Lanhers, 2017 | Meta-analysis, 53 studies, n=563 | Creatine supplementation is effective in upper limb strength performance for exercise with a duration of less than 3 min, independent of population characteristics, training protocols, and supplementary doses or duration. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Lanhers, 2015 | Meta-analysis, 60 studies, n=646 | Creatine supplementation is effective in lower limb strength performance for exercise with a duration of less than 3 min, independent of population characteristic, training protocols, and supplementary doses and duration. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Lopez, 2009 | Meta-analysis, 95 studies | No evidence supports the concept that creatine supplementation either hinders the body's ability to dissipate heat or negatively affects the athlete's body fluid balance. Controlled experimental trials of athletes exercising in... |
| 5 (MA +large) | Kley, 2007 | Meta-analysis, 2004 studies, n=266 | Evidence from randomised controlled trials does not show significant improvement in muscle strength in metabolic myopathies. High-dose creatine in glycogenosis type V increased muscle pain. |
| 5 (MA +large) | Branch, 2003 | Meta-analysis, 100 studies | ES was greater for changes in lean body mass following short-term CS, repetitive-bout laboratory-based exercise tasks < or = 30 s (e.g., isometric, isokinetic, and isotonic resistance exercise), and upper-body exercise. CS does... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Ashtary-Larky, 2026 | Systematic review, 45 studies | The soccer-specific evidence for creatine supplementation remains suggestive rather than conclusive. Favourable findings have been reported for some repeated-sprint, anaerobic-power, and strength outcomes, but the comparative... |
| 4 (MA) | Chen, 2026 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies, n=763 | Current evidence does not support robust additive effects of nutritional supplementation on muscle mass or bone health when combined with exercise in women across reproductive stages. Selective upper-body strength improvements... |
| 4 (MA) | Naddafha, 2026 | Meta-analysis, 7 studies | In postmenopausal women, creatine, particularly ≥ 5 g·day⁻¹ with RT, yields small but meaningful gains in lean mass and strength without evidence of harm. Effects on bone density remain unclear.Registration: This review was not... |
| 4 (MA) | de Camargo, 2026 | Meta-analysis, 8 studies | Creatine supplementation does not significantly reduce inflammatory biomarkers in humans based on current evidence. Although certain benefits were observed under intense endurance conditions, results remain inconsistent across populations. |
| 4 (SR +large) | Jeryous Fares, 2026 | Systematic review, 2025 studies, n=17 | Two CrM out of 17 participants experienced hypomania/mania.ConclusionCrM shows promise as a combination treatment with SSRIs or for augmenting psychotherapy in MDD in adults. Double-blind, large-scale RCTs investigating the... |
| 4 (MA) | Zhang, 2025 | Meta-analysis | Cr supplementation significantly improves muscle strength in the general population. Specifically: untrained individuals show greater muscle strength improvements; low-dose supplementation combined with high-intensity exercise... |
| 4 (MA) | Naeini, 2025 | Meta-analysis, 12 studies, n=177 | Creatine supplementation is associated with a modest, transient increase in serum creatinine levels, likely due to metabolic turnover rather than renal impairment. No significant changes were observed in GFR, suggesting preserved... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Tam, 2025 | Systematic review, 27 studies | Although some benefits were reported, most studies showed no improvement in performance compared to placebo. The heterogeneity in participant characteristics, performance tests, creatine intervention, insufficient consideration... |
| 4 (MA) | Candow, 2023 | Meta-analysis, 12 studies, n=266 | Adults (<50 years of age) who supplemented with creatine and performed resistance exercise experienced a very small, yet significant reduction in body fat percentage (-1.19%, p = 0.006); however, no difference was found in... |
| 4 (MA) | Burke, 2023 | Meta-analysis, 10 studies | Analyses of the moderating effects indicated a small superior benefit for creatine supplementation in younger compared to older adults (0.17 (95%CrI: -0.09 to 0.45)). In conclusion, the results suggest that creatine... |
| 4 (MA) | Yang, 2023 | Meta-analysis | Choline is elevated in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortical regions, suggesting regionally increased membrane turnover or glial activation in schizophrenia. The basal ganglia are significantly spared from the... |
| 4 (MA) | Fernández-Landa, 2023 | Meta-analysis, 13 studies | Creatine monohydrate supplementation was shown to be ineffective on endurance performance in a trained population. |
| 4 (MA) | Glaister, 2022 | Meta-analysis | However, there was no effect of creatine on measures of peak power (δ = 0.41; p = .10), fatigue (δ = 0.08; p = .61), or posttest blood lactate concentration (D = 0.22 L/min; p = .60). In conclusion, creatine supplementation may... |
| 4 (MA) | Delpino, 2022 | Meta-analysis, 9 studies | Our results demonstrated an insufficient basis to state that creatine can positively affect diabetes parameters. Future studies should be conducted with diabetic individuals due to the potential of creatine on diabetes parameters. |
| 4 (MA) | Dos Santos, 2021 | Meta-analysis, 10 studies, n=211 | Older females supplementing with Cr experience significant gains in muscle strength, especially when RT lasts for at least 24 weeks in duration. However, given the level of evidence, future high-quality studies are needed to... |
| 4 (MA) | Jiaming, 2021 | Meta-analysis, 9 studies | In the current meta-analysis, the positive effects of creatine could cause a decrease in CK concentration overall. But, due to high heterogeneity and the medium risk of bias for articles, we suggest that these results are taken... |
| 4 (MA) | Forbes, 2021 | Meta-analysis | However, when studies involving a creatine-loading phase were excluded from the analyses, creatine had no greater effect on chest press or leg press strength vs. placebo. Finally, creatine supplementation only on resistance... |
| 4 (MA) | Northeast, 2021 | Meta-analysis, n=278 | Creatine supplementation does not accelerate recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage; however, well-controlled studies with higher sample sizes are warranted to verify these conclusions. Systematic review registration... |
| 4 (MA) | de Guingand, 2020 | Meta-analysis, 6 studies, n=951 | Nor does the use of creatine supplementation increase the risk of total adverse outcomes, weight gain or renal and hepatic complications in females. However, all future studies of creatine supplementation in females should... |
| 4 (MA) | Mielgo-Ayuso, 2019 | Meta-analysis, 9 studies | Concretely, creatine demonstrated a large and significant effect on Wingate test performance (SMD, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.40⁻3.11; p <0.001). In conclusion, creatine supplementation with a loading dose of 20⁻30 g/day, divided 3⁻4 times... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Beaudart, 2018 | Systematic review, 23 studies | This systematic review showed a limited effect of nutritional supplementation on muscle mass, muscle power and physical function. Inconsistent positive effects were observed for some specific supplementations but the results only... |
| 4 (MA) | Mo, 2017 | Meta-analysis, 5 studies, n=1,339 | Creatine has no observed benefit in PD patients, although more correlated studies are still needed. |
| 4 (MA) | Dunbar, 2014 | Meta-analysis, n=25 | Acknowledging the limitations of this systematic review, we conclude that a proportion of CTD patients show amenability to treatment-particularly milder cases with residual brain creatine, and therefore probable residual protein... |
| 4 (MA) | Devries, 2014 | Meta-analysis, n=357 | Retention of muscle mass and strength is integral to healthy aging. The results from this meta-analysis are encouraging in supporting a role for Cr supplementation during RT in healthful aging by enhancing muscle mass gain,... |
| 4 (SR +large) | Liu, 2014 | Systematic review, 16 studies, n=1,557 | There is insufficient evidence to support the use of mitochondrial enhancement in patients with neurodegenerative movement disorders. More well-designed RCTs with large samples are required for further confirmation. |
| 4 (MA) | Candow, 2014 | Meta-analysis | Creatine also shows promise for improving bone mineral density and indices of bone biology. The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training could be an effective intervention to improve aging musculoskeletal health. |
| 4 (MA) | Kley, 2013 | Meta-analysis, 14 studies, n=364 | High quality but limited evidence from RCTs does not show significant improvement in muscle strength in metabolic myopathies. High-dose creatine treatment impaired activities of daily living and increased muscle pain in McArdle disease. |
| 4 (MA) | Miao, 2012 | Meta-analysis, 6 studies, n=400 | CP treatment appears to be more effective than routine treatment alone for myocardial damage following neonatal asphyxia. It appears to be safe and it can both decrease serum myocardial enzyme levels and shorten the period of... |
| 4 (MA) | Horjus, 2011 | Meta-analysis, 11 studies, n=1,474 | However, it is not clear which analogue, dose, route of administration, and duration of therapy is most effective. Moreover, given the small sample size of the discussed trials and the heterogeneity of the population included in... |
| 4 (MA) | Dempsey, 2002 | Meta-analysis, 7 studies | Oral creatine supplementation combined with resistance training increases maximal weight lifted in young men. There is no evidence for improved performance in older individuals or women or for other types of strength and power exercises. |
| 4 (MA) | Mujika, 1997 | Meta-analysis | Therefore, the widespread use of creatine ingestion to improve competition performance does not seem to be justified. The potential interest of creatine supplementation for elite athletes could be related to an increased ability... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Wang, 2026 | Meta-analysis, 3 studies | Compared with resistance training alone, resistance training combined with creatine supplementation significantly enhanced muscle strength and lean body mass, without a significant effect on fat mass. The modest increase in total... |
| 3 (SR) | Salazar-Méndez, 2026 | Systematic review, 8 studies | Creatine supplementation alone may be insufficient to obtain clinical benefits, while combined with resistance exercise it could offer potential benefits for muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass and certain aspects of quality of... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Bai, 2026 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies | Evidence indicates Cr supplementation alone yields the most consistent improvements in high-intensity and anaerobic performance by enhancing phosphocreatine recovery and neuromuscular output. BA's buffering advantage appears... |
| 3 (SR) | Ashtary-Larky, 2025 | Systematic review | Creatine supplementation enhances body mass, FFM, muscle strength and power in combat sport athletes. Given its safety and efficacy profile, creatine supplementation remains a promising supplement for supporting some aspects of... |
| 3 (SR) | Ashtary-Larky, 2025 | Systematic review, 7 studies, n=263 | Additionally, no significant improvements in aerobic endurance capacity (VO2max, lactate threshold, or time to exhaustion) were observed from creatine and β-alanine supplementation co-ingestion. Conclusions: The combination of... |
| 3 (SR) | Del Arco, 2025 | Systematic review, 5 studies, n=463 | CrS appears safe and might be more beneficial with less aggressive treatments or in non-metastatic cases. Further research is needed to clarify its role in this context. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Wang, 2024 | Meta-analysis, 3 studies, n=447 | No other variables influenced the effect of creatine supplementation. In conclusions, creatine supplementation with resistance training enhances upper- and lower-body muscle strength in adults aged < 50, with greater benefits... |
| 3 (SR) | McMorris, 2024 | Systematic review | Issues with research design, especially supplementation regimens, need to be addressed. Future research must include measurements of creatine brain content. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Prokopidis, 2023 | Meta-analysis, 3 studies | Creatine supplementation enhanced measures of memory performance in healthy individuals, especially in older adults (66-76 years). |
| 3 (SR) | Elosegui, 2022 | Systematic review, 10 studies | When chronic SUP with CRE + CAF was used, two studies reported that CAF interfered in the beneficial effect of CRE, whereas three studies did not report interaction between concurrent SUP, and one study reported synergy. Possible... |
| 3 (SR) | Kreider, 2021 | Systematic review | Additionally, it provides reasonable conclusions about the role of creatine on health and disease based on current scientific evidence. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health... |
| 3 (SR) | Kaviani, 2020 | Systematic review, 11 studies | It appears vegetarian athletes are likely to benefit from creatine supplementation. |
| 3 (SR) | Stares, 2020 | Systematic review | Creatine monohydrate is safe to use in older adults. While creatine in conjunction with moderate- to high-intensity exercise in an aging population may improve skeletal muscle health, additional studies are needed to determine... |
| 3 (SR) | Finsterer, 2019 | Systematic review | Recurrent AHCE should be taken seriously and managed with conventional work-up. If noninformative, genetic work-up should follow irrespective of the family history. |
| 3 (SR) | Fernández-Landa, 2019 | Systematic review, 6 studies | The combination of 3-10 g/day of CrM plus 3 g/day of HMB for 1-6 weeks could produce potential positive effects on sport performance (strength and anaerobic performance) and for 4 weeks on body composition (increasing fat free... |
| 3 (SR) | Avgerinos, 2018 | Systematic review, 6 studies, n=281 | Oral creatine administration may improve short-term memory and intelligence/reasoning of healthy individuals but its effect on other cognitive domains remains unclear. Findings suggest potential benefit for aging and stressed individuals. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Attia, 2017 | Meta-analysis, 3 studies | Current evidence does not support the use of creatine for neuroprotection against PD. Future well-designed, randomized controlled trials are needed. |
| 3 (SR) | Dickinson, 2014 | Systematic review | If appropriate, these trials should then be followed by studies comparing different creatine regimens (dosage and duration of exposure). Such trials should be high quality and adequately powered to evaluate maternal and infant... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Xiao, 2014 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies, n=194 | It does not provide a reliable basis on which treatment decisions can be made. Future well-designed RCTs with larger sample size and long-term follow-up are needed to assess creatine for Parkinson's disease. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Pastula, 2012 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies, n=386 | Interestingly, there was a trend towards slightly worsened FVC slope in the creatine group (slope difference of -0.63 FVC/month in the creatine group) using a pooled linear mixed-effects model across the two studies which... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Kley, 2011 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies, n=364 | High quality but limited evidence from RCTs does not show significant improvement in muscle strength in metabolic myopathies. High-dose creatine treatment impaired ADL and increased muscle pain in McArdle disease. |
| 3 (MA -few) | Pastula, 2010 | Meta-analysis, 2 studies, n=386 | Interestingly, there was a trend towards slightly worsened FVC slope in the creatine group (slope difference of -0.63 FVC/month in the creatine group) using a pooled linear mixed-effects model across the two studies which... |
| 3 (MA -few) | Al-Ghimlas, 2010 | Meta-analysis, 4 studies, n=151 | Creatine supplementation does not improve exercise capacity, muscle strength or HR-QoL in patients with COPD receiving PR. However, important limitations were identified in the quality of the available evidence, suggesting that... |
| 2 (SR -nonRCT) | Marshall, 2026 | Systematic review, 6 studies, n=1,542 | The current limited evidence suggests that creatine may be associated with benefits for cognition in generally healthy older adults. However, high-quality clinical trials are warranted to further validate this relationship. |
| 2 (SR -few) | Fazio, 2022 | Systematic review, 3 studies | A review of the marketplace shows that CrM is the lowest cost form of creatine. Due to the paucity of studies on alternative forms of creatine as well as high prices on the market of these alternative forms, CrM remains as the... |
| 2 (SR -few) | Mancini de Sousa, 2022 | Systematic review, 3 studies, n=87 | Based on the low certainty of evidence, creatine supplementation was shown to be a hypoglycemic intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes, without major adverse events reported. However, well- designed RCTs with larger... |
| 2 (SR -nonRCT) | Pinto, 2016 | Systematic review | Regarding human studies, considering the samples characteristics, the findings cannot be extrapolated to patients who have poorer glycemic control, are older, are on a different pharmacological treatment (e.g., exogenous insulin... |
| 2 (SR -nonRCT) | Oudman, 2013 | Systematic review | Chronic beta-guanidinopropionic acid increases fatigue tolerance of skeletal muscle and survival during ischaemia in animal studies, with modestly reduced myocardial contractility. Because it is marked as safe for human use,... |
| 1 (NOABS) | Kley, 2008 | Meta-analysis | No abstract in PubMed; not summarized. |
| Score | Study | Design, n | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Hall, 2016 | RCT, n=605 | Supplementation for 12 wk with FA, but not creatine, increases plasma betaine, decreases plasma DMG, and prevents a decrease in plasma choline in arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov... |
| 5 (RCT +blind +n200) | Groeneveld, 2003 | RCT, n=2,001 | Creatine intake did not cause important adverse reactions. This placebo-controlled trial did not find evidence of a beneficial effect of creatine monohydrate on survival or disease progression in patients with ALS. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Chun, 2026 | RCT, n=58 | Dietary supplementation with GAA (2 g/d) and the combination of CrM (10 g/d + GAA 2 g/d) for six weeks improved delayed verbal episodic recognition memory and retrieval speed and some measures of perceived stress, sleep quality,... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Fernandez-Garrido, 2026 | RCT, n=103 | High-load, velocity-intentional resistance training-on land or in water-effectively improves neurocognition, oxidative balance, inflammation, strength, function, and quality of life in older adults. Aquatic training is... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Ferreira, 2026 | RCT, n=50 | During the study, creatine supplementation was found to be safe and to promote a selective reduction in regional adiposity in individuals with DS. These results indicate that creatine is a promising, low-cost way of improving... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Ramos-Hernández, 2026 | RCT, n=30 | Exploratory analyses indicated weak associations between changes in composite redox indices and Δ% functional measures.Creatine plus HMB supplementation was associated with nominal modulation of glutathione-centered redox balance... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Ramos-Hernández, 2026 | RCT, n=30 | Six weeks of CRE + HMB supplementation combined with IPC enhanced functional strength and endurance in active older adults, largely independent of changes in muscle mass. This combined approach represents a promising strategy for... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Korovljev, 2026 | RCT, n=36 | Our findings suggest that this supplementation protocol may be a promising, safe, effective, and practical dietary strategy for improving clinical outcomes and elevating brain creatine concentrations in perimenopausal and... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Yamaguchi, 2025 | RCT, n=40 | Conclusions: These findings indicate that CrM supplementation may enhance recovery from EIMD, contributing to the maintenance of muscle function and the reduction of discomfort after exercise. CrM has the potential to serve as a... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Fairman, 2025 | RCT, n=30 | A short-term program of resistance exercise alone results in meaningful improvements in LM, muscle strength and physical function, with no additional effects of creatine supplementation. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Sandkühler, 2023 | RCT, n=123 | Our study, in combination with the literature, implies that creatine might have a small beneficial effect. Larger studies are needed to confirm or rule out this effect. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Candow, 2021 | RCT, n=39 | One year of Cr supplementation and RT had some favorable effects on measures of bone area and muscle density in older adults. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Babu, 2020 | RCT, n=80 | If treatments are equivalent, then under the paradigm, it does not matter which treatment is selected. Newer approaches for increasing trial efficiency, including an adaptive platform trial design, may mitigate limitations of the... |
| 4 (RCT +blind +n200 -pilot) | Jatoi, 2017 | RCT, n=263 | Creatine, as prescribed in this trial, had no effect on the cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Merege-Filho, 2017 | RCT, n=67 | Creatine content was not significantly different between groups in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left hippocampus, and occipital lobe (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, a 7-day creatine supplementation protocol did not elicit... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Backx, 2017 | RCT, n=30 | Creatine supplementation prior to and during leg immobilization does not prevent or attenuate the loss of muscle mass or strength during short-term muscle disuse. NIH Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT01894737 (... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Yoon, 2016 | RCT, n=39 | N-acetylaspartate levels and rich club connections increased after creatine augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Effects of creatine administration on brain energy metabolism and network organization... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Trexler, 2016 | RCT, n=54 | A time × treatment interaction was observed for serum CRN values (p ≤ 0.05) that showed increases in all groups except PLA. Four subjects reported mild gastrointestinal discomfort with CRE + CAF, with no side effects reported in... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Wilkinson, 2016 | RCT, n=40 | In patients with RA, Cr supplementation increased muscle mass, but not strength or objective physical function. No treatment-related adverse effects were reported, suggesting that Cr supplementation may offer a safe and... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Lobo, 2015 | RCT, n=56 | A one-year low-dose creatine supplementation (1g/d) was free of adverse effects, but did not affect bone health parameters, lean mass, or muscle function in older women. Further studies with longer follow-up periods and higher... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Li, 2015 | RCT, n=75 | Combination therapy with creatine and CoQ10 could delay the decline of cognitive function in PD-MCI patients and could lower their plasma PL levels; therefore, this combination therapy may have a neuroprotective function. |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Fumagalli, 2011 | RCT, n=35 | This study suggests that oral Q-ter and creatine, added to conventional drug therapy, exert some beneficial effect on physical performance in stable systolic CHF. Results may support the design of larger studies aimed at... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Cornelissen, 2010 | RCT, n=37 | Oral creatine supplementation in combination with exercise training does not exert any additional effect on the improvement in physical performance, health related quality of life, lipid profile in patients with coronary artery... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Banerjee, 2010 | RCT, n=33 | Our results indicated that Cr was well tolerated and oral Cr significantly improved the muscle PCr/Pi ratio and preserved the muscle strength in short term. However, this study provides no evidence that creatine will prove... |
| 4 (RCT +blind) | Sakkas, 2009 | RCT, n=40 | CONCLUSIONS / SIGNIFICANCE: Resistance exercise improved muscle size, strength and function in HIV-infected men. While creatine supplementation produced a greater increase in LBM, it did not augment the robust increase in... |